<text><span class="style14">se small caps with periods.  10:00 </span><span class="style18">A.M.</span><span class="style14">   8:30 </span><span class="style18">P.M</span><span class="style14">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>a.m., p.m.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Use lowercase letters with periods.  10:00 a.m.   8:30 p.m.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>10</id>
<text>Use full caps with periods.  10:00 A.M.   8:30 P.M.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text>Use full caps without periods.  10:00 AM   8:30 PM</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 11, 164., 65., 244., 241. Also accepts style 2., 146, 149., 61. Discusses styles 1 and 2 as options.. No discussion., 106–07. Discusses styles 1, 2, and 4., 11., 458. Discusses styles 1 and 2 as options., 105. Describes style 1 as most common; notes that some editors prefer style 2 or 3.  </text>
<text><span class="style1">pell out numbers from one through ninety-nine alone and when followed by </span><span class="style3">hundred, thousand, million,</span><span class="style1"> and so on. </span><span class="style5">  fifty-four, 101, six hundred, three  million, forty-two billion, seven  hundred thousand</span><span class="style1">  </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style14">pell out numbers that can be written as one or two words.</span><span class="style18">  fifty-four, 101, six hundred, three  million, forty-two billion, 700,000  </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text><span class="style1">pell out numbers from one through nine unless followed by </span><span class="style3">million, billion, </span><span class="style1">and so on. </span><span class="style5">  54, 101, 600, 3 million, 42 billion,  700,000 </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>4</id>
<text><span class="style14">pell out whole numbers from one through nine alone and whenfollowed by </span><span class="style15">million, billion</span><span class="style14">, andso on.</span><span class="style18">  54, 101, 600, three million,  42 billion, 700,000</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text><span class="style14"> 149–50., 73–74., 146–47., 232–34. Acknowledges variations on styles 3 and 4., 165–71., 49–53. Recommends style 1 for general writing but with numeral before </span><span class="style15">million </span><span class="style14">and up, style 3 for technical work., 82. Recommends style 4 for most work, style 2 for documents with few numbers., 109–112. Prefers style 4 with either number or numeral before hundred and up, or style 1., 144–45., 459–61. Recommends style 1 for general writing, describes “technical” and “newspaper” styles., 125–28. Recommends style 1 for most writing, all numerals 11 and up in “scientific and technical writing.”</span></text>
<text><span class="style14">dd </span><span class="style15">-’s</span><span class="style14"> to form the possessive of singular nouns ending in an </span><span class="style15">s</span><span class="style14"> sound, but add only -’ if an </span><span class="style15">s</span><span class="style14"> would produce a triple </span><span class="style15">s</span><span class="style14"> sound.</span><span class="style18">  Keats’s, Marx’s, Thomas’s, Ulysses’</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text><span class="style2">ingular possessive nouns ending in an </span><span class="style4">s</span><span class="style1"> </span><span class="style2">sound</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text><span class="style1">dd </span><span class="style3">-’s</span><span class="style1"> to form the possessive of singular nouns, but add </span><span class="style3">-’</span><span class="style1"> if the noun is a proper name or the next word begins with an </span><span class="style3">s</span><span class="style1">.</span><span class="style5">  Keats’, Marx’, Thomas’, Ulysses’, hostess’s name, hostess’ sign</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">dd -’ to form the possessive of all nouns ending in an </span><span class="style3">s</span><span class="style1"> sound.</span><span class="style5">  Keats’, Marx’, Thomas’, Ulysses’, hostess’ name, hostess’ sign</span><span class="style1"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>41</id>
<text>24113111111</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 167, 266.. No discussion., 135., 160–62. Presents detailed discussion of various styles., 117., 10. Identifies several exceptions., 45., 79–80., 14–15., 408–09. Considers the apostrophe alone an option in names of two or more syllables., 478-79. Identifies several exceptions.</text>
<text><span class="style1">se the international day-month-year format.</span><span class="style5">  15 November 1990  </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">se the traditional month-day-year format.</span><span class="style5">  November 15, 1990</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 59, 137., 72, 110.. No discussion. Addresses date of publication only., 238–40. Also accepts style 2., 166, 123. Prescribes style 1 for military use, style 2 for unspecified use.. No discussion., 83. Accepts both; requires consistency only., 121. Describes style 1 as “military,” style 2 as “traditional.”, 56, 58. Describes use of style 1 as “rare.”. No discussion. Associates style 2 with business letters., 129. Describes both styles, recommends style 1 for most contexts. </text>
<text>Insert one space after the period that ends a sentence. </text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Insert two spaces after the period that ends a sentence. </text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Spacing between sentences</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion., 140.. No discussion.. No discussion., 13.. No discussion.. No discussion., 38. Recommends style 1 for typeset material, style 2 for typed material.. No discussion., 467–68., 244–45. Discusses spacing only in terms of typography; implies that em space is typical.</text>
<text><span class="style1">se internal capitals in trademarks, following the style of the trademark owner.</span><span class="style5">  GRiD, NeXT, PostScript, WriteNow</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">apitalize only the first letter.</span><span class="style5">  Grid, Next, Postscript, Writenow</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Trademarks, capitalization</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 211, 264. Shows but does not discuss internal capitalization., 59. Shows separate words capitalized but does not address internal capitalization., 215. Does not show examples with internal capitals but specifies capitalization “as specified in the registration.”, 221–222. Shows both elements of hyphenated compound capitalized but does not address internal capitals., 28, 58–59. Shows but does not discuss internal capitalization., 45–46. Shows both elements of hyphenated compounds capitalized; refers readers to the U.S. Trademark Association.. No discussion., 60, 66, 69, 155., 209. Shows both elements of hyphenated compound capitalized but does not address internal capitals.. No discussion., 171–72. Shows both elements of hyphenated compound capitalized but does not address internal capitals.</text>
<text><span class="style1">lphabetize as if spelled out (index style).</span><span class="style3"></span><span class="style5">  Saigon  St. Croix  San Francisco  Strasbourg</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text><span class="style2">lphabetization, names beginning with </span><span class="style4">St</span><span class="style2">. and </span><span class="style4">Ste</span><span class="style2">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion, but uses style 2 in its own listings.. No discussion.. No discussion., 544, 550.. No discussion., 294.. No discussion., 279.. No discussion, but uses style 2 in its own listings.. No discussion., 86, 91–92.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>41</id>
<text>33313131331</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">lphabetize as abbreviated (dictonary style).</span><span class="style5">  Saigon  San Francisco  St. Croix  Strasbourg</span></text>
<text><span class="style1">lways use the serial comma.</span><span class="style5">  They visited sites in Frankfurt, Milan, and Zurich.  June, July, and August are the peak months.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">se the serial comma only if meaning would be ambiguous or unclear without it.</span><span class="style5">  They visited sites in Frankfurt, Milan and Zurich.  June, July and August are the peak months.  Karen, Tony, and Carl have arrived.  The settlers ate fish, pork, corn, and rice and beans.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Serial comma</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 268., 52., 139., 137, 223, 245–46., 122, 123., 220., 46., 18. Discusses both styles., 43., 325–26. Acknowledges acceptability of omitting the serial comma; cautions against omission., 187. States that “most publishers” prefer the serial comma.</text>
<text><span class="style1">pell out </span><span class="style3">percent </span><span class="style1">after a number in humanistic material. Use the percent sign in scientific or technical material. Always use a numeral.</span><span class="style5">  5 percent, 120 percent, 5%, 120%</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style14">se the percent sign after a numeral in text.</span><span class="style18">  5%, 120%</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Percent sign in text</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>6</id>
<text><span class="style1">pell out </span><span class="style3">percent</span><span class="style1"> after a number or numeral in text.</span><span class="style5">  five percent, 120 percent</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 160–61. No discussion, but shows style 3., 81. No discussion, but implies limiting use of the sign to display material., 146, 220. Accepts styles 2 and 3. Notes that no sign is used in reporting analytical results., 235., 158, 167, 202. No direct discussion, but seems to suggest style 3., 59, 134. Shows mix of numeral and word, even below nine., 83. Requires numerals and sign or all words. In material with few numbers, requires words if number can be spelled in one or two., 117, 127, 150., 157–58. Notes that numerals and signs are acceptable in display material.. No discussion., 287. Advises use of numeral and sign “when the nature of the text makes the use of signs appropriate.” </text>
<text>Use this card to add another issue to the House Style Guide.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Other</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>19</id>
<text>xxxii</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>48</id>
<text>28906619140941</text>
</content>
<name></name>
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card_13352.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style14">apitalize the first, last, and all principal words. Capitalize prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters.</span><span class="style18">  A Look Into the Future: The New Australia</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style14">apitalize the first, last, and all principal words. Do not capitalize internal articles, coordinating conjunctions, or prepositions.  </span><span class="style18">A Look into the Future: The New Australia</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text><span class="style14">apitalize the first word and proper names.</span><span class="style18">  A look into the future: The new Australia</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 47., 58. Requires style 1 generally; shows but does not dicusss first, last words. Requires style 3 in reference list., 97. Requires style 1 generally; does not discuss last word. Requires style 3 in reference list., 222., 30. Does not define “principal words,” but examples tend toward style 1., 19, 84. States that articles, prepositions, and conjunctions capitalized in titles need not be capitalized in bibliographies and reference lists., 59., 67, 200, 217. Notes that some editors capitalize prepositions of five letters. Discusses general styles for citations., 208. Does not define “principal words.”, 443., 146–47. Discusses other styles.</text>
<text><span class="style1">apitalize the first, last, and all principal words. Capitalize prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters.</span><span class="style5">  An Interview With the Mayor of Oslo</span><span class="style1"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">apitalize the first, last, and all principal words. Do not capitalize internal articles, coordinating conjunctions, or prepositions.  </span><span class="style5">An Interview with the Mayor of Oslo</span><span class="style1"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text><span class="style1">apitalize the first word and all proper names.</span><span class="style5">  An interview with the mayor of Oslo</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion., 58. Prefers style 2 for major headings, style 3 for lower-level headings, tables, and captions.. No discussion., 341. Accepts styles 2 and 3., 31–32.. No discussion.. No discussion., 200, 217. Briefly discusses “headline style” (styles 1 and 2) and “more modern” sentence style (style 3)., 33.. No discussion., 146–48. </text>
<text>Use this card to add another issue to the House Style Guide.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>48</id>
<text>2890943668239</text>
</content>
<name></name>
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card_14940.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style2">lphabetization, names beginning with </span><span class="style4">Mac</span><span class="style2"> and </span><span class="style4">Mc</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text><span class="style1">lphabetize according to actual spelling.</span><span class="style5">  Macintosh  Manchester  McDonald  McTeague</span><span class="style1"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">lphabetize as if all names were spelled</span><span class="style3"> Mac</span><span class="style1">.</span><span class="style5">  McDonald  Macintosh  McTeague  Manchester</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion., 115., 122–23., 544.. No discussion., 296.. No discussion., 278–79. Discusses both styles; considers style 1 “the most common.”, 121.. No discussion., 92. Says that logic dictates style 1 but current usage “slightly favors” style 2.</text>
<text>. No discussion.. No discussion., 120. Recommends style 2 for technical material., 540–42. Accepts both styles.. No discussion., 293–95. Recommends style 1 for most work, style 2 for technical material. , 27. Finds style 2 “usually preferable.”, 273–75. Considers style 1 more common.. No discussion.. No discussion., 90–91. Considers style 2 more common.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Alphabetization, method </text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text><span class="style1">lphabetize word by word.</span><span class="style5">  New England  New York  Newfoundland</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">lphabetize letter by letter.</span><span class="style5">  New England  Newfoundland  New York</span></text>
<text><span class="style1">xpress all numbers in full; omit no digits in the second number.</span><span class="style5"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text><span class="style1">n numbers of three or more digits, omit the hundreds digit and above in the second number if they are the same.</span><span class="style5">  104–07, 108–14, 225–28, 600–02, 1476–94, 2400–09, 2525–2615, 3001–19</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">n numbers of three or more digits, omit the hundreds digit and above in the second number if they are the same, and omit leading zeros. Do not omit digits if the first number ends in two zeros.</span><span class="style5">  104–7, 108–14, 225–28, 600–602, 1476–94, 2400–2409, 2525–2615, 3001–19</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion.. No discussion. Does not omit numbers in sample citations or its own index.. No discussion. Does not omit numbers in sample citations or its own index., 244–45.. No discussion.. No discussion., 84., 118, 258–59. Does not omit numbers in sample index entries. . No discussion., 415, 508. Follows style 2 in its own index., 32, 77, 131.</text>
<text>Use italics, with discretion, for emphasis.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Italics for emphasis</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Do not use italics for emphasis.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion., 62., 95–96. Cautions that “overuse of italics destroys the emphasis.”, 169. States that many “mature writers” now “prefer to obtain their effects structurally.” , 161. Implies that italics should be used sparingly., 18., 48. Advises writers to “avoid using italics for emphasis, since this device rapidly loses its effectiveness.” , 72. Notes that italics lose their effectiveness through overuse. , 103., 454. Warns writers against “relying on italics to do the work that should be done by effective sentence structure and diction.”, 138. Notes that italics “used too freely . . . lose their force.” </text>
<text>Use this card to add another issue to the House Style Guide.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>19</id>
<text>xxxiii</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>48</id>
<text>289068235591</text>
</content>
<name></name>
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card_11586.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1">se the SI format for numbers of four or more digits, inserting a space between groups of three digits and the decimal point.       </span><span class="style5">4968.439 931  399 486 466.499 68</span><span class="style1"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Numbers, large</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">se commas between groups of three digits; use no commas after the decimal point.</span><span class="style5">        4,968.439931   399,486,466.49968</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion., 74–75., 146. , 243–44. Prefers style 1 for scientific material, style 2 for nonscientific material., 168ff. Requires style 2 for large numbers; does not address numbers of four digits with decimals., 51. Recommends style 1 in text using SI, style 2 in other text., 82. Requires style 2 for large numbers; does not address numbers of four digits with decimals., 115–16. Discusses use of both styles in scientific material; stresses only consistency.. No discussion.. No discussion., 256ff. Recommends style 2 for large numbers; does not address numbers of four digits with decimals. </text>
<text><span class="style1">pell out one of two adjacent numbers unless the numbers represent items in a series.</span><span class="style5">  two 2-way streets, 2 two-way streets  fifty 10-gallon containers, 50 ten-gallon containers  130, 150, and 435 students</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">ollow the usual style for spelling out numbers.</span><span class="style5">  two two-way streets  fifty ten-gallon containers or 50 10-gallon containers</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 149–50., 74. Applies only when one number modifies another; does not apply to dates., 130. Requires that a comma separate a year and a numeral (in 1935, 100 . . .).. No discussion implies style 2.. No discussion implies style 2., 50. Applies only when one number modifies another; does not apply to dates.. No discussion implies style 2., 111. Suggests spelling shorter number. Also suggests spelling number after year (by 1997, three hundred . . .). . No discussion implies style 2.. No discussion implies style 2., 127. Also recommends spelling out number after year (in 1973, three hundred thirteen . . .) or recasting the sentence.</text>
<text>, 6.. No discussion.. No discussion., 243. Allows numerals for lower numbers when space is at a premium., 168. Allows numerals in display material.. No discussion., 82., 120. Advocates numerals beginning with 13th when space is limited., 198. Accepts all numerals in headlines., 461., 133. Advocates more use of numerals if numbers are used frequently. </text>
<text><span class="style1">ollow SI format, using no space between elements in degrees.</span><span class="style5">  –10°F, 21°C, 70°F</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">nsert one space before the degree symbol that precedes the symbol of the temperature scaled used.  </span><span class="style5">–10 °F, 21 °C, 70 °F</span><span class="style1">  </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text><span class="style5"> 224–27. Uses numerals and </span><span class="style11">degrees</span><span class="style5"> spelled out (98 degrees); assumes all degrees are Fahrenheit., 75., 149., 234–35., 143., 59. Identifies style 2 as an option.. No discussion., 123, 150. Notes that style 1 or no degree sign (39C) appear in some technical publications. Also recognizes style 3., 204. Spells out </span><span class="style11">degrees</span><span class="style5">. Uses style 1 in display lines.. No discussion., 117.  </span><span class="style11"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>8</id>
<text><span class="style1">nsert one space after the degree symbol that precedes thesymbol of the temperature scaled used.  </span><span class="style5">–10° F, 21° C, 70° F</span></text>
<text><span class="style1">o not use an apostrophe in forming the plural of a single uppercase letter unless the plural form could be confused with a word. Use an apostrophe in forming the plural of a lowercase letter.</span><span class="style5">  two Xs, the three Rs, the Oakland A’s, p’s and q’s  </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">se an apostrophe in forming the plurals of all letters.</span><span class="style5">  two X’s, the three R’s, the Oakland A’s, p’s and q’s </span></text>
</content>
<content>
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<id>20</id>
<text>Letters, plural </text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
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<content>
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<text>, 164. But would not use an apostrophe with multiple letters such as ABCs.. No discussion., 136., 160., 118., 65., 75., 77. Prefers style 2, but notes that uppercase letters do not always take an apostrophe., 160., 407. Notes that some editors prefer the apostrophe with uppercase letters., 478.</text>
<text><span class="style1">o not use the apostrophe in forming the plural of a number unless needed for clarity.</span><span class="style5">  the 1960s, the 1890s  0’s and 1’s, 10s and 11s  Irwin shot two 72s to lead the field with 144.</span></text>
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<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">lways use the apostrophe in forming plurals of numbers.</span><span class="style5">  the 1960’s, the 1890’s  0’s and 1’s, 10’s and 11’s  Irwin shot two 72’s to lead the field with 144.</span></text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Numbers, plural</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
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<text>, 164. , 75., 136., 160., 118. Identifies some exceptions., 64., 45., 77. Notes that the apostrophe is used “less commonly.”, 160, 407., 478. Identifies some exceptions.</text>
<text><span class="style1">n the last year, omit digits representing centuries if the last year is within the same century.</span><span class="style5">  1776–83, 1889–94, 1797–1815, 1800–05, 1990–2005 </span></text>
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<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">n the last year, omit digits representing centuries if the last year is within the same century, but do not omit if the first year ends in two zeros.</span><span class="style5">  1776–83, 1889–94, 1797–1815, 1800–1805, 1990–2005</span><span class="style1"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Range of years</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>6</id>
<text>Express all years in full; omit no digits in the second year.</text>
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<content>
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<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion., 244. But requires full years in titles and with A.D. and B.C.. No discusssion., 62. Prefers style 3, but notes that centuries are sometimes elided “in education and economics books.”, 84., 118. Discusses styles 2 and 3. Recommends full years in titles and headings and with A.D. and B.C., 228. Omits centuries and leading zero in second number (1903-4). Does not address first year ending in two zeros., 415. Omits centuries. Does not address issue of zeros., 131. Recommends full years with A.D. and B.C. Notes that some editors omit leading zeros (1901–2). </text>
<text><span class="style14">se an apostrophe when adding </span><span class="style15">s</span><span class="style14"> to form the plural of an abbreviation that contains one or more internal periods.</span><span class="style18">  f.o.b.’s, M.D.’s, PCs, YMCAs</span></text>
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<content>
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<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style14">o not use internal periods or apostrophes in forming plurals of abbreviations.</span><span class="style18">  IQs, MDs, PhDs</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Abbreviations, plural</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 164. No direct discussion, but does not include apostrophe with uppercase letters (VIPs)., 65., 136., 160., 118. No direct discussion, but includes apostrophe (YMCA’s, Btu’s)., 65. Advocates apostrophe with abbreviations in lower case (Btu’s) but not in upper case (IQ’s)., 45., 98. Advocates no apostrophe with capital letters (CPUs), but notes that some editors use it., 160. Notes that apostrophe is “usually” included with abbreviations., 407. Also advocates apostrophe with lowercase abbreviations (rpm’s)., 115–16.</text>
<text><span class="style1">se full caps without periods.</span><span class="style5">  </span><span class="style1">AD 1000, 4000 BC</span></text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 5, 25.. No discussion., 126., 239., 123, 166., 62. Identifies styles 1 and 2 as options., 83., 100. Prefers style 1 for typeset material, style 2 for typed work. Notes that some editors put A.D. after the year., 6., 456. No discussion, but uses style 1., 105–06.</text>
<text><span class="style1">se a period with English units, no period with metric units.</span><span class="style5">  ft., lb., mi., in., oz., qt., yd.    cm, kg, mg, ml, sq cm</span></text>
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<content>
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<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">se a period only with </span><span class="style3">in</span><span class="style1">.</span><span class="style5">  ft, lb, mi, in., cm, kg, mg   </span></text>
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<content>
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<id>20</id>
<text>Abbreviations, units of measurement</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion, but follows style 1 in its list of units on pp. 131-32., 65., 126–27., 391–98. Includes an extensive list of these abbreviations., 143–45. Shows some exceptions., 56–57.. No discussion., 99, 130, 148–49.. No discussion., 459, 460–61., 111–12.</text>
<text><span class="style1">se periods in standard abbreviations that normally include them.</span><span class="style5">  Ave., Blvd., St., Jan., Aug., Nov., M.D., M.S., N.B., Ph.D., R.N.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style1">mit periods in abbreviations that comprise capital letters.</span><span class="style5">  Ave., St., IQ, MA, NB, OHG, RN, PhD</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>5</id>
<text><span class="style1">mit periods except in abbreviations that could be confused with a complete word.</span><span class="style5">  Ave, Blvd, St, Jan, Aug, Mar, MD, MS, NB, PhD, RN, apt., no.</span></text>
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<content>
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<id>20</id>
<text>Abbreviations, use of periods</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 3–4, 272. Identifies some exceptions., 65. , 125–27., 376ff. Shows periods in examples., 135ff., 60., 209ff., 96–97., 3–4. Also includes periods in abbreviated names and acronyms of many organizations, such as A.&P., F.C.C., U.A.W., W.H.O., 454ff., 100–11, 173. Notes that “the trend is to eliminate” periods, but identifies many abbreviations that should retain them.</text>
<text>1,2,3,4,5,6,7Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 3rd ed. (Washington, D.C.: APA, 1984)</text>
</content>
<content>
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<id>3</id>
<text>1,2,3CBE Style Manual, 5th ed. (Bethesda, Md.: Council of Biology Editors, 1983)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>4</id>
<text>1,2,3,4Chicago Manual of Style, 13th ed. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1982)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>5</id>
<text>1,2,3,4,5,6,7United States Government Printing Office Style Manual (Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, 1984)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>6</id>
<text>1,2,3McGraw-Hill Style Manual (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>7</id>
<text>1,2,3MLA Style Manual (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1985)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>8</id>
<text>1,2,3,4,5Webster’s Standard American Style Manual (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1985)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>9</id>
<text>1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8New York Times Manual of Style and Usage (New York: Times Books, 1976)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>11</id>
<text>1,2,3Words into Type, 3rd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974)</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>10</id>
<text>3,4,5Frederick Crews, Random House Handbook, 5th ed. (New York: Random House, 1987)</text>
</content>
<content>
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<id>48</id>
<text>289062716271</text>
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<name></name>
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<text>A single full line at the bottom of a page is acceptable.</text>
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<content>
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<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion., 9. Permits an orphan line “whenever necessary.”. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion.</text>
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<content>
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<text>44441444444</text>
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<content>
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<id>19</id>
<text>xx</text>
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<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text>Leave no fewer than three full lines at the bottom of a page.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Leave no fewer than two full lines at the bottom of a page.</text>
<text><span class="style3">ebster’s New Collegiate Dictionary</span><span class="style1"> (Merriam)</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text><span class="style3">ebster’s Third New International Dictionary</span><span class="style1"> (Merriam; unabridged)</span><span class="style5"></span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text><span class="style3">ebster’s New World Dictionary</span><span class="style1"> (Webster’s, Simon & Schuster)</span></text>
<text><span class="style3">andom House College Dictionary</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Standard dictionary of American English </text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>, 62–63. Refers users to 2 for entries not in 3., 55. Refers users to 2 for entries not in 1., 44–45. Lists 1, 2, 4, and others., 158, 186. Specifies 1 and 2; refers users to 1 if entries differ. Lists specialized dictionaries for personal names., 63, 81. Specifies other governmental sources for place names., 302. Lists 1–5 and several on special subjects., 43. Refers users to 2 for entries not in 1.. No mention., 194. Refers users to 2 for entries not in 3.  , 202. Lists 1, 3, 4, 5, and others, including Canadian., 487. Lists 3, 4, and 6.</text>
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<layer>background</layer>
<id>41</id>
<text>31772717377</text>
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<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>12</id>
<text><span class="style3">andom House Dictionary</span><span class="style1"> (unabridged)</span></text>
<text>A partial line at the top of a page is acceptable.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>A partial line at the top of a page is acceptable if it is more than a few short words.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>3</id>
<text>A single full line at the top of a page is acceptable.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>4</id>
<text>Leave no fewer than two full lines at the top of a page.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Widows</text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>40</id>
<text>. No discussion.. No discussion.. No discussion., 603. Acknowledges that many publishers require a full line., 9. Permits a short line “if necessary.”, 271.. No discussion., 334.. No discussion.. No discussion., 271. </text>
<text><span class="style2">1. Abbreviations, use of periods 2. Abbreviations, units of measurement 3. Abbreviations, plural 4. A.D., B.C. 5. Alphabetization, method 6. Alphabetization, </span><span class="style4">Mac</span><span class="style2"> and </span><span class="style4">Mc</span><span class="style2"> 7. Alphabetization, </span><span class="style4">St.</span><span class="style2"> and </span><span class="style4">Ste.</span><span class="style2"> 8. a.m., p.m. 9. Dates in text10. Dictionary11. Headings, capitalization12. Italics for emphasis13. Letters, plural14. Numbers spelled out15. Numbers, adjacent16. Numbers, large17. Numbers, plural18. Numbered streets</span></text>
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<text>19. Ordinal numbers20. Orphans21. Percent sign in text22. Possessive nouns23. Range of numbers24. Range of years25. Serial comma26. Spacing between sentences27. Temperature28. Titles, capitalization29. Trademarks, capitalization in text30. Widows31. Other 32. Other33. Other</text>
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